Описывает воображаемые ситуации в прошлом — то, чего НЕ произошло. Часто выражает сожаление, критику или упрёк: 'Если бы тогда... то сейчас...'
Формула образования
| Subject / Condition | + Утверждение | - Отрицание | ? Вопрос |
|---|---|---|---|
| Структура | If + Past Perfect, + would have + V³ | If she hadn't been late, she wouldn't have missed it. | Would you have come if I had invited you? |
Сжатые формы: 'd have done = would have done. Вместо would: could have, might have + V³. Порядок частей можно менять: 'I would have called you if I had known.' = 'If I had known, I would have called you.'
Сценарии использования
Нереальное прошлое — сожаление
Ситуация в прошлом, которая сложилась иначе. Выражает сожаление.
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Если бы я усерднее учился, я бы сдал экзамен.
She would have got the job if she had arrived on time.
Она бы получила работу, если бы пришла вовремя.
Упрёк и критика в прошлом
Что должно было быть сделано иначе.
If you had told me the truth, I wouldn't have been so angry.
Если бы ты сказал мне правду, я бы не был так зол.
Маркеры времени (слова-подсказки)
if only
I wish
had known / done / gone earlier
Практика
Раскройте скобки
Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect, + would have + V³.
• If he ___ (listen) to the doctor, he ___ (recover) faster.
had listened / would have recovered
• They ___ (not / lose) if they ___ (play) better.
wouldn't have lost / had played
• If I ___ (know) you were coming, I ___ (bake) a cake.
had known / would have baked
• ___ you ___ (come) if I ___ (invite) you?
Would / have come / had invited